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The SS Germanic
The GERMANIC was a 5,008 gross ton ship,
built for the White Star Line in 1874 by Harland & Wolff, Belfast
(engines by Maudslay, Sons & Field, London). Her details were length
455ft x beam 45.2ft, two funnels, four masts (rigged for sails), iron
construction, single screw and a speed of 15 knots. There was passenger
accommodation for 220-1st and 1,500-3rd class. Launched on 15th Jul.1874,
she sailed from Liverpool on 20th May 1875 on her maiden voyage to Queenstown
(Cobh) and New York. In July 1875 and Apr.1877 she made record passages
between Queenstown and New York and in Feb.1876 between New York and Queenstown.
She was rebuilt to 5,066 tons in 1895, had an extra deck added, triple
expansion engines fitted by Harland & Wolff and her funnels lengthened.
On 13th Feb.1899 she capsized at her berth in New York due to the weight
of snow and ice which had accumulated on her upperworks during a particularly
severe voyage. She was salvaged and resumed Liverpool - Queenstown - New
York sailings on 7th Jun.1899. Her last voyage on this service started
23rd Sep.1903 and she was chartered to the American Line and commenced
Southampton - Cherbourg - New York sailings on 23rd Apr.1904. Her sixth
and last voyage on this service started 2nd Oct.1904 and in 1905 she was
sold to the Dominion Line and renamed OTTAWA. Refitted to carry 250-2nd
and 1,500-3rd class passengers she commenced Liverpool - Quebec - Montreal
voyages on 27th Apr.1905. Her last voyage on this route started on 2nd
Sep.1909 and on 15th March 1911 she sailed from Liverpool for Constantinople.
Renamed GUL DJEMAL for Turkish owners, she was torpedoed and sunk by the
British submarine E.14 in the Sea of Marmora on 3rd May 1915. She was later
salvaged and commenced her first Constantinople - New York voyage on 6th
Oct.1920. Her fourth and last voyage on this service commenced 21st Oct.1921,
and in 1928 her name was amended to GULCEMAL. She was finally scrapped
in 1950 at Messina. [North Atlantic Seaway by N.R.P.Bonsor, vol.2,p.757-8]
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The White Star Line
The White Star Line was founded in 1845
and started sailing-ship voyages the following year with the chartered brig
ELIZABETH to Montreal. They purchased their first ship in 1849 - barque IOWA
and advertised as the 'White Star Line of Boston Packets'. Steamship sailings
commenced in 1863 but the company went into liquidation in 1868 and was bought
out by Thomas Ismay who formed the Oceanic Steam Navigation Company in 1869
(known thereafter as the White Star Line). In 1926, Oceanic Steam Naviagtion
Company was taken over by Royal Mail Steam Packet Company. However, in 1934,
the Royal Mail Group collapsed and White Star and Cunard Steam Ship Company
formed Cunard-White Star Ltd. Cunard purchased the remainder of the Cunard-White
Start stock in 1947 and in 1949 they took over all activities but
the two remaining White Star ships, GEORGIC and BRITANNIC which continued
sailing in White Star Line colours until they were scrapped in 1956
and 1960 when the White Star name finally disappeared.
The company sailed from Liverpool via Queenstown to New York.
Later, they started sailing through the Suez Canal to Bombay, Calcutta,
Hong Kong and Sydney. White Star also sailed to Japan and China. The
sailing time by the fast vessels in the fleet was under 6 days Liverpool
to New York. The line also sailed monthly to New Zealand and monthly from
San Francisco to Japan and China. The Oceanic, in 1889, made the voyage
to Yokohama from San Francisco in 13 days, 14 hours, 4 minutes.
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